Bullpen Bulletins: Stan Gets Political

BACK IN THE MID 1960s, just as I was in the process of becoming the Marvel Fanboy I remain to this day, we didn't have comics websites, or YouTube videos or even mimeographed comics fanzines to tell us what was going on. All we had was Stan Lee's ingenious "Marvel Bullpen Bulletins", giving us glimpses inside the Marvel offices and snippets of information about what we could expect to see this and next month from Marvel.

The very first published Marvel Bullpen Bulletins page, from Journey into Mystery 122 (Nov 1965). At the time, Stan was making announcements about various Marvel Comics in text boxes, often yellow, on the various letters pages. This would be replaced by the Bullpen page, but the earliest examples appeared to be a mix of the two.

The Bullpen page made its debut in Journey into Mystery 122 (Nov 1965), which was on sale on 2 Sep 1965. This was a week before the December issues of Fantastic Four and Amazing Spider-Man, often cited (wrongly) as carrying the first Bullpen Bulletins page.

As with the other Bullpen pages of this early period, the Journey into Mystery page was customised for the title, showing an image of Thor where the other pages displayed different characters. For example, the Amazing Spider-Man Bullpen page in issue 31 gave us The Green Goblin. And, of course, it's a Thor tee-shirt in the merchandise section.

But more than that, the Thor Bullpen page appears to have been prepared so early that the corresponding letters page also carried a few announcements, boxed out in yellow, and not just about Thor. For example, they reveal that we can expect more Marvel merchandising in the wake of the tee-shirts and a "brand new gizmo that's sure to sweep the nation". I haven't managed to figure out what that is, yet. Stan also tells us that the last two Marvel bi-monthlies - X-Men and Daredevil - were moving up to monthly publication, and closes out the letters column with a lengthy teaser about the next issue of Journey into Mystery.

Meanwhile, in the adjacent Bullpen Bulletins, Stan reports that Joe Sinnott, whose inking work was last seen in Fantastic Four 5 (Jul 1962), has rejoined Marvel, working on "Agent of Shield", inking Fantastic Four (from 45 on) and "doing as many other features as we can straddle him with". I think you may have meant "saddle", Stan ... straddle is something else entirely.

Despite the Bullpen Bulletins page promise, Joe Sinnott managed few Marvel art assignments before becoming enmeshed in his regular inking work on the company's flagship title Fantastic Four.

As it turned out, Sinnott only contributed art to two issues of Strange Tales' Agent of SHIELD ... 139, where he provided finished art over Kirby's layouts, and 140, where he inked over Kirby layouts and Don Heck pencils. The other featured Sinnott was "straddled" with included just inks for the cover and interior art of X-Men 13 (Sep 1965), before embarking on his long run inking Fantastic Four from 44 (Nov 1965) onwards. What the Bullpen Bulletin story doesn't tell you is that Sinnott continued to pencil and ink for his long-term assignment Treasure Chest until issue 496 (Jul 1972), ending an 11½ year association with the title.

The second item in this first Bulletin reveals that Adam Austin, penciller on the Sub-Mariner feature in Tales to Astonish is not the artist's real name. This came as a shock to me when I retrospectively read this piece of news, as I had been comparing "Austin's" work with Gene Colan's and deciding that I like Colan's better. Of course, I was 12 at the time with little perception of how an inker can improve (or not) a penciller's work, so I was likely comparing the Vince Colletta inked Adam Austin work in Astonish with the Jack Abel inking of Gene Colan in Suspense.

Gene Colan "took over" from Adam Austin with Tales to Astonish 80 and Tales of Suspense 78 (both Jun 1966).

Compared to You Don't Say, the gags in Monsters to Laugh With/Unlimited were a bit lame. Stan was simply recycling one of his old ideas from the 1950s, but this time under Martin Goodman's shilling.

The fourth item plugs You Don't Say and Monsters Unlimited, both Stan Lee side-projects. I wasn't much interested at the time, but I did later pick up copies of both mags, probably during my early teens and, strangely, preferred You Don't Say to Monsters Unlimited (or Monsters to Laugh With, when I first read it). Both titles were a reworking of a Lee independent project during the 1950s, when he started up his own Madison Publishing company and put out two magazines of news and library photos with funny captions - Blushing Blurbs and Golfers Anonymous.

The best reproduction of Golfers Anonymous I could find was from the Stan Lee biography, Excelsior. My apologies for the poor scan quality.

According to Stan's biography, Excelsior, both titles sold out and made thousands of dollars for Lee, but as he was "not the shrewdest guy in town", by his own admission, he never reprinted to capitalise on further profits.

During the 1950s, Kirby would regularly ink his own pencils as this Dec 1959 issue of Young Romance demonstrates. As Marvel's chief penciller during the 1960s, Kirby would seldom be afforded the luxury of inking his own work, as Stan wanted to stretch Kirby as far across the line as possible.

The last item in the inaugural Bulletin page was the promise that Jack Kirby would ink some of his own pencils sometime. Of course, Kirby had very often inked his own pencils in the past, most notably during his late 1950s run at DC Comics, inking many fantasy shorts for Tales of the Unexpected and My Greatest Adventure and most of the Green Arrow adventures. Plus Kirby was also inking many of the romance stories he was still pencilling for Prize around this time. So hardly unprecedented. When Kirby became Stan Lee's go-to artist as the Marvel line of comics mushroomed, Kirby's time became to valuable to squander on inking. But to satisfy the Bulletin promise, Lee had Kirby ink the front cover art for Fantasy Masterpieces 4 (Aug 1966). I can't find any other examples, though maybe someone knows different.

The second Marvel Bullpen Bulletin page addresses more vital issues affecting Marvel fans across the spectrum. We also get the Mighty Marvel Checklist - a very important resource for Marvel readers in those pre-fanzine days - as well as the chance to buy Marvel merchandise.

The second Bullpen page addressed a landmark - to me anyway - decision that Stan had taken a few months earlier. Under the sub-heading "We Goofed Again Department" Stan admitted that the change in name from Marvel Comics Group to Marvel Pop Art Productions had been a mistake. As Marvelites everywhere were quick to point out, they didn't like it. So, the company's name was reverting once more. There follows some news about Artist Musical Chairs as Don Heck and "Adam Austin" switch around, and a plug for Marvel Collectors' Item Classics.

Far more interesting are the mini-items under "Didja Know? Department", which reveals the fact that Sol Brodsky is a "crackerjack penciller and inker" (no, I didn't know that at the time), that Flo Steinberg was winning popularity contest at colleges all over the country and that Martin Goodman was a top-ranked amateur golfer. Nope and nope.

Stan finishes off by telling us that every one of Marvel's titles are hitting the sales jackpot. This might just sound like bragging, but it's important to remember that - as I've mentioned many times here - Marvel's success was Stan's, not Martin Goodman's. For years Goodman had just been copying what other publishers put out. Stan somehow managed to convince Goodman to take a different approach in 1961 with Fantastic Four and the results paid off. Literally. So I am more than happy to allow Stan his "I told you so" moment. 

Matters covered in the Bullpen page for February 1966 included and explanation of why the year's Marvel annuals contained reprints, the arrival of newcomer Roy Thomas at the bullpen and the fact that Joe Sinnott would be the permanent inker on Fantastic Four.

I'm not going to go through the Bulletin pages month-by-month, but I do just want to highlight something in the third Bullpen page which appeared in the February 1966 dated Marvel comics (Fantastic Four 47, containing this Bulletin, would have been on sale 11 Nov 1965).

In the third item, titled "Strictly Personal", Stan addresses the question of his tongue-in-cheek credits in the comics, specifically why he always insults inkers Artie Simek and Sam Rosen with comedy credits. Stan stresses that these jibes are "strictly in fun" and goes on to say "we want to state here and now that we LOVE those two talented, hard-working, dependable letterers of ours". And I'm guessing that Sam and Artie always took that joshing just fine - after all, they lettered the gags into the comics themselves.

But in the final piece on the page, Stan mentions that most of the artists work at home (dispelling the fantasy that they all sit together in one big office swapping practical jokes and  ribald stories). The piece goes on to say that Jack Kirby "drops in, loaded down with a new mess of masterpieces, once a week. Poor Jack! He's so absent-minded that he usually goes home with someone else's hat, portfolio or train ticket. Stan wanted to put a label around his neck reading: 'If found, please return to the marry Marvel bullpen!' but he couldn't - Jack lost the label."

This is from Amazing Spider-Man 22 (Mar 1965), typical of the sort of joshing Stan regularly subjected Artie Simek and Sam Rosen to, the above gag would actually have been lettered by Artie. I'm sure Artie found it as funny as the readers did.

Now even as a kid, I took that to be just a bit of good-natured messing around. It's certainly no more insulting that a lettering credit that reads, "We'll try to pin the blame on poor innocent Artie Simek". Yet, for some reason, Jack wasn't taking this sort of heckling very well. Just a few weeks later, on 9 January 1966, the notorious profile in the New York Herald by Ned Freeland that made out Jack to resemble "an assistant foreman in a girdle factory" came out and Jack took if very much to heart and blamed Stan for the whole thing. This indicates, to me at least, that - for whatever reason - Jack didn't have much patience with Stan's informal tone, even at this early stage.

Also mentioned in this fourth Bullpen page is the real reason Stan took the A-listers out of Avengers, a mild rebuke to the Marvel copycats out there and a plug for the new reprint title Fantasy Masterpieces.

Yet despite that, amidst all the subsequent talk about Kirby and his colleague being robbed of their credit for the contributions they made to the formative Marvel Comics the fourth Bullpen Bulletin page gives lie to that assertion. Right there in black and white, is Stan telling us that the artists make up most of the stories themselves. "All Stan has to do with pro's [sic] like Jack 'King' Kirby, dazzlin' Don Heck and darlin' Dick Ayers is give them a germ of an idea and they make up all the details as they go along, drawing and plotting out the story." It's not like it was a dark Marvel secret, or anything.

The Bullpen Bulletin page would continue in this format for the next year or so. Highlights would be Stan revealing the true identity of Adam Austin in the June 1966 page, announcing the departure of Steve Ditko in the July 1966 titles and telling us that though the Bullpen page is typed on 14th July it won't be published until October 1967.

Amid the plugs for the Marvel Annuals and the mention of the MMMS newsletter "The Merry Marvel Messenger", was a new feature. Titled "Stan's Soapbox" - a reference to the wooden crate favoured by street-corner orators around that time - this first editorial column explained the "Marvel philosophy".

Then, in the June 1967 titles, the Bullpen page welcomed an important format change. The first Stan's Soapbox appeared. In it, Stan claimed that the "message" behind Marvel's stories was nothing more than an attempt to entertain. "And If we can do our bit to advance the cause of intellectualism, humanitarianism, and mutual understanding ... and toss in a little swingin' satire at to in the process ... that won't break our collective heart one tiny bit!"

In the Soapbox for the October 1967 Bullpen page, Stan tries to avoid the calls for a more defined political stance by throwing the matter open to reader opinion. Should Marvel comment on current affairs or not? Other items include a plug for the Fantastic Four cartoon show on ABC-TV, a plug for the Marvel Annuals and Marvel's new humour title Not Brand Echh.

There wouldn't be effort, at least for a few months, for Stan to move his Soapbox editorials beyond thanking Marvel fans for their support and debating wither Marvel should continue mocking the mags published by "Brand Echh". But then, in the October 1967 Bullpen page, Stan addressed head-on the calls for Marvel to make more of a stance on political issues of the day. "Many Keepers of the Faith," Stan wrote, "have demanded that we take a more definitive stand on current problems such as Viet Nam, civil rights and the increase in crime, to name a few." It's then left to readers to decide on whether Marvel should promote their opinions on these matters. "Should we editorialize more - or less - of keep things in their present fouled up form?"

The Bullpen page for October 1968 gave us Stan first stab at a political editorial. It's a bit vague but you can see he's trying to put across his mildly liberal viewpoint without making it political. Other items announce Arnold Drake joining the Bullpen and a plea for pen-pals for serving soldiers in Viet Nam. By this time, the Marvel Checklist is now talking up almost half the page!

Stan wouldn't return to the subject until October 1968, more than a year later. In his Soapbox, Stan writes, "Over the years we've received about a zillion letters asking for the Bullpen's opinion about such diverse subjects as Viet Nam, civil rights, the war on poverty, and the upcoming election". He goes on to say that there isn't one unanimous Bullpen opinion, but "we'd like to go on record about one vital issue - we believe Man has a divine destiny, and an awesome responsibility - the responsibility of treating all who share this wondrous world of ours with tolerance and respect - judging each fellow human on his own merit, regardless of race, creed or colour. That we agree on - and we'll never rest until it becomes a fact, rather than just a cherished dream."

... then this Stan's Soapbox, just a month later.

But that's not the end of it. The very next Soapbox reversed the position completely. "That sinks it," commented Stan. "From now on, whenever we have something to get off our chest, we'll assume we have a magniloquent mandate to sock it to ya, and let the chips fall where they may."

Preachy, perhaps, but this editorial from Stan was very much a product of its times, especially American times. And certainly no other comics publisher was printing  opinions like this during the late 1960s.

From there on, there was no stopping Stan, as the above Soapbox shows. It had never really occurred to me at this point (I would have been 14 at the time) that bigotry was a thing. At the time I was surrounded by casual racism. My family, my schoolmates. And like everyone else, I'd laugh at racist stereotype jokes. But I'd never have dreamed of actually hating someone because of their race or religion. That Soapbox would crystalise the concept for me and probably played a key part in focussing the liberal - and, I hope, tolerant - views I hold to this day.

More importantly, this tone would attract other like-minded comics professionals to Marvel ... Denny O'Neill had already joined Marvel a couple of years earlier. And in the future would come writers like Tony Isabella, Chris Claremont and later Larry Hama, who would also do their bit to instil Stan's liberal values into the stories they wrote.

And now, with the global reach of Marvel Production movies, we're seeing Stan's message reach an unprecedented audience - literally of millions - around the world.

Comicsgate is a tragic collection of comics "fans" who have singled out women, left-leaning liberals and people of colour in the professional comic community for attack, presumably because they simply don't like women and people of colour. It's a far cry from what Stan Lee wanted for the future of society, isn't it?

So the comicsgaters can have their sad rants about the recent Captain Marvel movie and the fact that some Marvel characters have been re-imagined as women or ethnic minorities, but I'm glad to say, they will be on the losing side of that argument and on the wrong side of history. Certainly as far as those of us who have grown up with Stan Lee as our guide are concerned ...

Next: Marvel's Women

Marvel at the Oscars - an interlude

I WAS WATCHING THE OSCARS a few nights ago and was delighted to witness four Academy Awards go to Marvel Studios movies. In addition, Black Panther (2018) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018) gathered a further five nominations between them. That's bonanza year for Marvel - nine nominations and four Awards - and a record for comic book-based movies.

Marvel Productions' Black Panther racked up a formidable seven nominations at this year's Oscars, winning in an unprecedented three categories. It's a great achievement for Stan and Jack, but I wish Don MacGregor had been given more credit for creating the bulk of the storyline.

There was a time, a few years back when the term "comic book movie" was an insult that the Hollywood establishment hurled around when a movie they hated was successful. Not any more ...

It appears to me that big studio pictures based on comic books are undergoing the same transformation that science fiction and fantasy movies underwent from 1977 onwards, after the release of Star Wars. Think about it. Before George Lucas' masterpiece what big studio-financed fantasy movies were there? 

For all its success and kudos, I was never a great fan of  2001. I've always found a cold piece of work - beautiful to look at but utterly devoid of emotion. Planet of the Apes, on the other hand, I always loved. The first movie, at least. 2001 was nominated for three Oscars and won one. Likewise Planet of the Apes.

Well, there was 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). That was financed by MGM and did manage some grudging acknowledgement from The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It was nominated for Best Art Direction and Best Original Screenplay, but won only in a technical category, Best Special Effects. The same year, Planet of the Apes, which was a big budget 20th Century-Fox production, was nominated for Best Costume Design and Best Music Score and was given an Honorary Award for Best Makeup, a category that didn't exist at the time, and wouldn't be introduced until 1981.

There were no nominations for sf or fantasy pictures in 1970. Or 1971.

Back in 1971 Kubrick's Clockwork Orange wasn't my kind of movie. I was much more interested in Hammer's When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth. Jim Danforth's dinosaurs were terrific . but it must have galled Ray Harryhausen that he hadn't won an Oscar for his Dynamation special effects at that point and would later be given a special Academy Award, almost as a consolation prize.

In 1972, Stanley Kubrick was nominated for Best Director for Clockwork Orange. The movie also gained a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay, and another for Best Editing, a category it shared with Andromeda Strain (if that even counts as a science fiction movie). And When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth got a nominated for Best Visual Effects.

And no nominations in 1973 ...

The Exorcist was another movie I didn't see at the time, and still haven't see to this day. Never really fancied it. It just all seems a bit ... unpleasant. This despite the fact that I would say I was more a fan of horror movies than science fiction films. Still, it did pretty well at the Academy Awards ...

In 1974, The Exorcist was nominated in 10 categories, including Best Picture, and won in only two - Best Sound and Best Adapted Screenplay.

1975 had no nominations, unless you count Young Frankenstein's Best Sound and Best Adapted Screenplay. I don't, as I consider it a comedy movie, rather than sf or fantasy.

Nothing in 1976 ... In 1977, King Kong was nominated for Best Sound, a Special Achievement Award for Visual Effects, as well as Best Cinematography, a category it shared with Logan's Run. Another thing these two movies shared was a spectacular lack of understanding of what makes a good science fiction or fantasy film. And The Omen gathered two nominations for Best Score and Best Song.

Does anybody actually like the 1976 King Kong? For me it was a colossal failure on every level ... from its "camp" script by Lorenzo Semple Jr to its dreadful man-in-a-monkey-suit effects. And don't even get me started on Logan's Run ...

But that all changed at the 1978 Academy Awards ... Both George Lucas and Steven Spielberg had big budget fantasy movies out and both made a big dent in the prevailing wisdom that sf movies couldn't be good. Here's what the results looked like ...

Awards
Category	Winner
Best Effects, Visual Effects	Star Wars
Best Art Direction-Set Decoration	Star Wars
Best Costume Design	Star Wars
Best Film Editing	Star Wars
Best Music, Original Score	Star Wars
Best Sound	Star Wars
Special Achievement Award, Sound Effects	Star Wars
Best Cinematography	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Special Achievement Award, Sound Effects Editing	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Nominations
Category	Nominations
Best Actor in a Supporting Role	Alec Guinness, Star Wars
Best Director	Star Wars
Best Picture	Star Wars
Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen	Star Wars
Best Director	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Melinda Dillon	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Best Art Direction-Set Decoration	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Best Effects, Visual Effects	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Best Film Editing	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Best Music, Original Score	Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Best Sound	Close Encounters of the Third Kind

Granted most of the wins were in the technical categories, but look at the nominations ... Best Director, Best Screenplay ... Best Picture?

What Star Wars and Close Encounters both had that both King Kong and Logan's Run hadn't was humanity. It was emotion that connects Lucas' and Spielberg's films to audiences. As demonstrated by the slew of Awards both films garnered.

Yes, the ground definitely shifted in 1978 and set a healthy precedent for science fiction and fantasy movies to be considered good enough to garner Academy Awards and Nominations. And I think we're seing another shift right now, with comic book adaptations breaking through into the mainstream. And interestingly, it really started when Marvel took control of their own adaptations and formed Marvel Studios.

Even though it wasn't a Marvel Studios production, I thought Columbia's first adaptation of Spider-Man was a pretty good effort, thanks in no small part to the skills of comics fan Sam Raimi.

There had been a couple of nods for non-Marvel productions, like Spider-Man and Spider-Man 2, but pretty quickly the Marvel movies were being acknowledged every year at the Oscars from 2010 onwards.

And this year - 2019 - was the big breakthrough year. Just look at this results table for the recent Academy Awards ...

Awards
Category	Winner
Best Achievement in Production Design	Black Panther
Best Achievement in Costume Design	Black Panther
Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures (Original Score)	Black Panther
Best Animated Feature Film	Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
Nominations
Category	Nominee
Best Achievement in Visual Effects	Avengers: Infinity War
Best Achievement in Sound Editing	Black Panther
Best Achievement in Sound Mixing	Black Panther
Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures (Original Song)	Black Panther
Best Motion Picture of the Year	Black Panther

So maybe this is the start of a new trend ... and even if it's not, it wouldn't bother me one bit. I'm just grateful that Stan and his collaborators made all those great comics characters fifty-odd years ago and that Marvel was smart enough to form their own production company and make movies that honoured and respected the source material.

Probably my favourite of the Marvel Studios productions so far. For me, Doctor Strange absolutely captured the essence of the classic Stan Lee and Steve Ditko comics strips of the 1960s. Just needed a touch more "By the hoary hordes of Hoggoth" and "The all-seeing Eye of Agamotto".

My ten-year-old self would have loved The Avengers, Doctor Strange and Black Panther as much if not more than I do now. My only regret is that Stan didn't live long enough to witness the results of the 2019 Academy Awards himself. 

He would have been proud.

Next: Back to the Bullpen Bulletins